A potential Supreme Court decision to overturn Roe v. Wade, amid the roiling landscape of state reproductive politics, is expected to open the door to state laws that give human embryos legal rights and protections — a possibility that would throw the fertility industry into upheaval and potentially limit choices would-be parents currently have about whether to use, store or discard genetic material that is part of the in vitro fertilization process.

“I and others are fearful of being labeled murderers for trying to do what is best not just for our children, but for future generations of humanity,” said Adair, 38.

The passage of fetal “personhood” laws and the legal fights over their constitutionality would likely go on for years, experts say. So Roe’s potential reversal is unlikely to have an immediate effect on assisted reproduction, which plays a role in the births of 55,000 babies each year, or 2 percent of all births in the United States. But such state statutes would almost surely lead to new state regulations regarding IVF, which in turn could spur policy overhauls and cost increases more broadly, they said.