It’s hard to resist the delicious smell of food cooking at restaurants, food trucks and street vendors. However, a new government study suggests those aromas may be negatively impacting air quality.

Researchers from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have released their findings from a multiyear study of what they call “underappreciated sources” of urban air pollution.

They focused on three cities: Los Angeles, Las Vegas and Boulder, Colorado, where they measured human-caused volatile organic compounds (VOCs) related to cooking.

“If you can smell it, there’s a good chance it’s impacting air quality,” researchers summarized.