Officials in both Russia and Iran have said in recent days that sanctions have pushed them closer together. In an interview with an Iranian broadcaster ahead of Mr. Putin’s visit, his spokesman, Dmitri S. Peskov, evoked the history of 16th-century diplomacy between Russia and Persia to set the scene for what he promised would be a new era of friendship between Tehran and Moscow.

“Many of today’s countries didn’t even exist back then,” he said.

Mr. Peskov said Iran and Russia could soon sign a treaty on strategic cooperation, expanding their collaboration in banking and finance, and moving away from using the dollar to denominate their trade.

Mohammadreza Pourebrahimi, the head of the economic committee in Iranian Parliament, called increasing such measures a priority for both countries. “Sanctions imposed by the U.S. and Europe on Russia have made it more of a necessity for Iran and Russia to cooperate,” he said on Monday.