In most courts, eviction cases that have been delayed by judges for many months and can now begin to go forward again. In others, evictions that were approved and in the hands of marshals and sheriffs are ready to be executed. In states including Texas, some judges were allowing evictions to go forward, despite the ban…

Places where laws allow evictions to move quickly, including many states in the South, could be some of the areas most affected by the Supreme Court’s decision.

“In Mississippi, when the gavel comes down in housing court, these people can be put out of their house,” said John Jopling, the housing-law director of the Mississippi Center for Justice, a nonprofit law firm that helps defend tenants in eviction cases.

Jason Knowling faces eviction in Gulfport, Miss. He hasn’t made his $795 monthly rent payment for a two-bedroom house since May. Mr. Knowling lost work this spring after an illness and his car broke down, which would cost $1,200 to fix, he said. He fell behind on rent, and his landlord sent him an eviction notice.