Earlier this year, Brussels published a strategy for tackling disinformation, which includes relevant guidelines for defending against deepfakes. Across all forms of disinformation, the guidelines emphasize the need for public engagement that would make it easier for people to tell where a given piece of information has come from, how it was produced, and whether it is trustworthy. The EU strategy also calls for the creation of an independent European network of fact-checkers to help analyze the sources and processes of content creation.

In the United States, lawmakers from both parties and both chambers of Congress have voiced concerns about deepfakes. Most recently, Representatives Adam Schiff and Stephanie Murphy as well as former representative Carlos Curbelo wrote a letter asking the director of national intelligence to find out how foreign governments, intelligence agencies, and individuals could use deepfakes to harm U.S. interests and how they might be stopped.

China is an interesting case to watch. I have not seen any government statements or actions expressing concern about deepfakes. However, China’s state-run news agency, Xinhua, recently experimented with using digitally generated anchors to deliver the news.