1 | Cranial Plate

In 2013, Oxford Performance Materials createda new skull for a man who had lost 75 percent of his cranium. The material, polyetherketoneketone, encourages bone growth.

2 | Jawbone

An 83-year-old woman in the Netherlands had an infection in her jaw, but her age meant a 15-hour replacement surgery would be risky. So in 2011, a company called Xilloc printed her a new jaw out of laser-sintered titanium dust. Installation time: four hours.

3 | Spinal Cage

In France this summer, Medicrea made a “spinal cage” for a patient with a deformed spine. The new disk fit perfectly between the two affected vertebrae.