The idea that materialism “can cure men of the fear of God and the fear of death,” as Dr. Kass puts it, is at least as old as ancient Greece. But today it has become especially potent thanks to “the new genetics, which bore more deeply than ever before into the molecular basis of living processes.” Then there is the rise of neuroscience and evolutionary psychology, which purport to explain “absolutely everything about human life” in materialistic terms.
Take the concept of human dignity. In a 2008 essay highly critical of Dr. Kass’s work on the Bush bioethics council, the Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker questioned the value of dignity as a moral guide. “Dignity is a phenomenon of human perception,” Mr. Pinker wrote. “Certain signals in the world trigger an attribution in the perceiver.” The perception of human dignity, Mr. Pinker went on, is no different from how “converging lines in a drawing are a cue for the perception of depth.”
That such an outlook is both blinkered and dangerous, Dr. Kass thinks, should be obvious to anyone who has ever been in love or felt other great emotions. “There’s no doubt that the human experience of love,” he says, is mirrored by “events that are measurable in the brain. But anybody who has ever fallen in love knows that love is not just an elevated level of some peptide in the hypothalamus.”
Nor are degradation and dignity. The Gosnell trial and the terrorist attack at the Boston Marathon have degradation written all over them. As for dignity, Dr. Kass says, “You see it in the way nurses treat people who come in for chemotherapy. You see it in the way a great hostess treats a handicapped guest, helping him without causing him embarrassment. You see it in the way people come close to where there is human suffering and are not put off by the horror but do what is humanly necessary.”
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