But the top ten list is glaringly devoid of some usual suspects.

New York City – which is expensive even before considering the fashionable bent of its residents, is missing, as is Los Angeles, a notoriously materialistic metropolis, and Las Vegas, where gambling tourists may have been expected to nudge up locals’ shopping habits.

Chicago, New York City and Los Angeles come in at positions 11, 12 and 20 consecutively.