Legal experts say those who lie in the course of courtship are unlikely to face jail time — most U.S. states don’t have rape by fraud laws, and even in those that do, prosecutions are extremely rare.

But in recent years, there have been attempts to broaden rape laws in order to deal with this complicated and controversial issue…

In one case, a man from Westfield, Mass., was accused of rape after he allegedly impersonated his brother in order to have sex with his brother’s girlfriend in the middle of the night. The sex was consensual, but the court ruled that “intercourse where consent is achieved by fraud does not constitute rape.”