Liberal devotees of the “living Constitution” always made a fair point. The founding fathers never envisioned a world with jet planes, split atoms, stem cell therapies, one-click porn or MTV’s “Jersey Shore.” Similarly, the ratifiers of the 14th Amendment would be stunned to learn, in July of 1868, that they had just created an adamantine right for homosexuals to marry one another and receive state benefits to boot, as a federal judge in California recently decided (overruling, I might add, the will of California voters).
Hence, liberals claim, we need an evolving constitution that, as President Obama writes in “The Audacity of Hope,” “is not a static but rather a living document, and must be read in the context of an ever-changing world.” But as legal analyst Ed Whelan has noted, the “living document” argument is a straw man. Of course justices must read the document in the context of an ever-changing world. What else could they do? Ask plaintiffs to wear period garb, talk in 18th century lingo and only bring cases involving paper money and runaway slaves?
The issue is not whether the world is ever-changing, but whether judges should treat the Constitution as ever-changing to meet their own agendas and desires, often over the lawfully expressed preferences of voters, legislators and the founders.
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