One of my earliest memories growing up in Kalamazoo, Michigan, was a visit to the bakery at the A&P grocery store at 5800 Gull Road. It was one of a handful of places my parents could afford to shop at in the midst of the great stagflation of the 1970s. My mother made amazing birthday cakes for us as kids, and I presume she was there for some ideas. I had other things in mind. They gave away free “donut holes” to kids who were presumably well-behaved, leading to my temporarily angelic behavior whenever we went there.
Little did I know then, A&P was once regarded as a retail behemoth. A monopoly needing to be cut down to size. Their crime? Volume discounts. This allegedly nefarious practice was at the center of anti-chain-store sentiment that reached a fever pitch with the passage of the Robinson-Patman Act in 1936.
Casting chain-store grocers like A&P as greedy villains during the Great Depression, the populist Texan US Representative Wright Patman rode a wave of sentiment from smaller grocers to take down the nationwide grocer. In response to the Supreme Court striking down FDR’s National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), Patman sought to reimpose portions of the NIRA, which would have faced enormous opposition and risked being struck down by the Supreme Court. Instead, he cleverly decided, along with co-sponsor Senator Joseph Robinson of Arkansas, to impose the bill as an amendment to the long-standing Clayton Antitrust Act (1914).
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