The European Union’s 2025 targets for automakers to reduce CO2 emissions and fines for those that fail to meet them must be applied fairly to reflect investments companies have made, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said.

“There needs to be fairness in the system because some have invested already and are successful in fulfilling the goals but also (plays a role) the amount of necessary flexibility and pragmatism that we need to solve this complex issue,” von der Leyen told a news conference on Jan. 29.

“This is an issue that you should not only look at in singularity, but we look at it as a package,” she added.

Automakers face the prospect of billions of euros of fines for failing to meet emissions targets this year.

Renault CEO Luca de Meo has said fines could reach €15 billion euros, with electric vehicles (EVs) needing to push beyond a 20 percent market share to avoid them. The market share of EVs in Europe dropped to 13.6 percent last year as sales fell sharply in France and Germany.