Ezenwanne, who has traveled around his community to educate and vaccinate people over the past two years, said the “three Cs” often explain the lingering reluctance.

Confidence: People may not trust the vaccines, especially with how quickly they were developed. There’s also deep mistrust of the government.

Convenience: The vaccine may not be easy to get. People may not live close to a pharmacy or health center, or people can’t afford to take off work if they come down with side effects. Language and immigration status are also barriers.

Complacency: People may not think COVID-19 is a big deal, or they wonder what the point of the vaccine is if you can still catch the virus. (The vaccine drastically reduces one’s chances of getting hospitalized or dying.)