On at least five occasions, White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows directed DOJ officials to investigate baseless fraud claims, including a conspiracy alleging that electoral data was changed in Italian facilities with the knowledge of the CIA. Rosen forwarded one of Meadows emails linking to a YouTube video about the Italy conspiracy to Donoghue, who responded: "Pure insanity." Rosen told Donoghue that he refused a request to have the FBI meet with a Rudy Giuliani associate who was promoting the conspiracy theory. Later that day, Meadows sent another email to Rosen about alleged irregularities in Fulton Country, Georgia. Rosen again forwarded the email to Donoghue and wrote: “Can you believe this? I am not going to respond to the message below.”