In Germany, Pegida, the anti-Muslim movement, and the far-right AFD party, were banking on political upheaval in the United States to lay the groundwork for the parliamentary election in October 2017, and before that, to shake up the debate in the election of the next president of the Republic (by parliament) in January 2017.

Meanwhile, in Italy, we know that the populist (though left-leaning) Five-Star Movement of Beppe Grillo believes its time has arrived, with Prime Minister Matteo Renzi facing an uphill battle to win a national referendum next month on constitutional reform. December will also see the election for the new Austrian president in which Norbert Hofer, an extreme-right candidate, has a realistic chance to win.

Finally, back to France, where next spring’s presidential election is already under the influence of Donald Trump. Former president Nicolas Sarkozy sent aides to the United States to observe the “choleric” campaign of the billionaire, ahead of his attempt to return to the Elysée Palace in May 2017.

Will Donald Trump be the ultimate force to deconstruct the Europe Union in the wake of the UK’s “Brexit” referendum. “What worries me most is the crisis of legitimacy that his election could set off,” says a veteran EU official. “All those who defy Brussels’ standing agreements will see his election as a blank check. Since the new European Commission took office in 2014, it has continued to lose authority in the face of member states. Trump will help to unravel this structure.”